I think I understand the basic principal of operation of the hot wire air flow meter, but can only guess what the box is for.
Maybe someone who knows can explain.
IIRC that is it Robin, it wasn’t much of an issue on any of my X300s as no backfires with prolonged cranking after stalling but on X308s they were known to get destroyed if a backfire happened after washdown caused by turning off the engine before fully warming up.
The wire of course is heated and the current measured, the air mass cools the wire and changes its resistance. I have never seen such a box in that location, but ahead of the AFM they are sometimes parts of the intake designed to act as resonance chambers. Either to tune the sound or maybe to smoothen the signal. Backfire protection: can’t see how, and why no other car I know has it? My guess is that they had some unwanted dynamic that upset the hot wire and this was the fix.